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Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of the rice. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary vitamin A .
Genetically modified rice are rice strains that have been genetically modified (also called genetic engineering). Rice plants have been modified to increase micronutrients such as vitamin A , accelerate photosynthesis , tolerate herbicides, resist pests, increase grain size, generate nutrients, flavors or produce human proteins.
The far bowl on the right contains Golden Rice, an example of biofortification using genetic engineering. The golden color of the grains comes from the increased amounts of beta-carotene . Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value .
Golden rice is a recombinant variety of rice that has been engineered to express the enzymes responsible for β-carotene biosynthesis. [14] This variety of rice holds substantial promise for reducing the incidence of vitamin A deficiency in the world's population. [28]
To combat this, scientists used biolistics to insert the daffodil phytoene synthase gene into Asia indigenous rice cultivars. [8] The daffodil insertion increased the production of β-carotene. [8] The product was a transgenic rice species rich in vitamin A, called golden rice. Little is known about the impact of golden rice on xerophthalmia ...
Golden rice is a variety produced through genetic engineering to synthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the endosperm of the rice grain. It is intended to be grown and eaten in parts of the world where Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent. [54] [55] Golden rice has been opposed by activists, such as in the Philippines. [56]
The ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genes to plants and fungi is used in biotechnology, in particular, genetic engineering for plant improvement. Genomes of plants and fungi can be engineered by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors. A modified Ti or Ri plasmid can be used.
The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the development and release of genetically modified crops. There are differences in the regulation of GM crops between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the US and Europe.