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The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation.
Although, if foreign residents granted permanent resident status, spouses of Japanese nationals, fixed domicile residents (those of Japanese ancestry) and ethnic Koreans with residence in Japan are included, the number of resident foreigners granted permanent residence effectively exceeds 60%. [9]
A jūminhyō (住民票) (resident record [1] or residence certificate [2]) is a registry of current residential addresses maintained by local governments in Japan.Japanese law requires each resident to report his or her current address to the local authorities who compile the information for tax, national health insurance and census purposes.
Alien registration (外国人登録, gaikokujin tōroku) was a system used to record information regarding aliens resident in Japan.It was handled at the municipal level, parallel to (but separately from) the koseki (family register) and juminhyo (resident register) systems used to record information regarding Japanese nationals.
The Re-entry Permit can be issued to residents of Japan who are stateless or cannot get a passport from their country, such as de facto refugees holding resident status other than as a 1951 Convention Refugee, including those holding a residence status of student, designated activities, etc. under considerations of humanitarian.
The re-entry permit in Japan also exists in the form of a stamp, known as 再入国許可 (Japan Re-entry Permit), which is affixed to a foreign passport or other travel document and serves as a re-entry visa. Foreign nationals planning to travel outside Japan for more than one year are required to obtain a re-entry permit.
For Japanese nationals, their residency registration is linked with their koseki. Each residency change is reported by the municipality in which the person actually lives to the honseki-chi (the municipality of the registered domicile), which records the residency history on a supplementary page called koseki no fuhyō (戸籍の附票).
Most permanent residents of Chinese descent are Chinese citizens according to Chinese nationality law. Other countries have varying forms of such residency and relationships with other countries with regards to permanent residency. Japanese permission for permanent residence issued in 2011 on a French passport