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Deadly force, also known as lethal force, is the use of force that is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death to another person. In most jurisdictions, the use of deadly force is justified only under conditions of extreme necessity as a last resort , when all lesser means have failed or cannot reasonably be employed.
The first Ground Observer Corps was a World War II Civil Defense program of the United States Army Air Forces to protect United States territory against air attack. The 1.5 million civilian observers at 14,000 coastal observation posts performed naked eye and binocular searches to detect German or Japanese aircraft.
Indeed, World War II saw an even greater use of rationing, recycling, and anti-saboteur vigilance than was seen in World War I. As the threat of air raids or invasions in the United States seemed less likely during the war, the focus on the Civil Defense Corps, air raid drills, and patrols of the border declined but the other efforts continued.
Office of War Information, 1941–1945 Office of Civilian Defense was a United States federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941, by Executive Order 8757 to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of civilians in case of war emergency. [ 1 ]
Civil Defense literature, such as Survival Under Atomic Attack, was common during the Cold War Era. Perhaps the most memorable aspect of the Cold War civil defense effort was the educational effort made or promoted by the government. [16] In Duck and Cover, Bert the Turtle advocated that children "duck and cover" when they "see the flash."
The predecessor to the FCDA, the Office of Civilian Defense was abolished in June 1945 with the end of World War II.In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense.
Japan's World War II Balloon Bomb Attacks on North America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-0874749113. OCLC 416876. Coen, Ross A. (2014). Fu-go: The Curious History of Japan's Balloon Bomb Attack on America. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803249660. OCLC 877370381. Young, Elizabeth L. (2016).
According to most sources, World War II was the most lethal war in world history, with some 70 million killed in six years. According to some, the civilian to combatant fatality ratio in World War II lies somewhere between 3:2 and 2:1, or from 60% to 67%. [5] [21] According to others, the ratio is at least 3:1 and potentially higher. [22]