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2. Uniform Plumbing Code - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Plumbing_Code

   Designated as an American National Standard, the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.

3. Flow measurement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

   For pipe flows a so-called transit time method is applied where a radiotracer is injected as a pulse into the measured flow. The transit time is defined with the help of radiation detectors placed on the outside of the pipe. The volume flow is obtained by multiplying the measured average fluid flow velocity by the inner pipe cross-section.

4. Water metering - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_metering

   United States: Diameters are specified in nominal pipe size (NPS), measured in inches. Common sizes include: Residential meters: 5/8 inch (commonly referred to as "5/8 x 3/4 inch"), 3/4 inch, and 1 inch. [8] Commercial/Industrial meters: Sizes range from 1½ inches to 12 inches or larger, depending on flow requirements and system design. [8]

5. Rotameter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotameter

   A higher volumetric flow rate through a given area increases flow speed and drag force, so the float will be pushed upwards. However, as the inside of the rotameter is cone shaped (widens), the area around the float through which the medium flows increases, the flow speed and drag force decrease until there is mechanical equilibrium with the ...

6. Positive displacement meter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_displacement_meter

   A positive displacement meter is a type of flow meter that requires fluid to mechanically displace components in the meter in order for flow measurement. Positive displacement (PD) flow meters measure the volumetric flow rate of a moving fluid or gas by dividing the media into fixed, metered volumes (finite increments or volumes of the fluid ...

7. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

   h f = head loss in meters (water) over the length of pipe; L = length of pipe in meters; Q = volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s (cubic meters per second) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, m (meters) Note: pressure drop can be computed from head loss as h f × the unit weight of water (e.g., 9810 N/m 3 at 4 deg C)