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English: A simple diagram of a plant leaf cell, labelled with numbers. It shows the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, permanent vacuole, and chloroplasts. Note going down the left the numbers are not sequential, this is to match the numbering on others in the series. Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Cell membrane; Mitochondrion ...
One sperm fertilizes the egg cell and the other sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte. The haploid sperm and haploid egg fuse to form a diploid zygote, the process being called syngamy , while the other sperm and the diploid central cell fuse to form a triploid primary endosperm cell (triple fusion).
This leaves three remaining nuclei on the micropylar end and three remaining nuclei on the antipodal end. The nuclei on the micropylar end is composed of an egg cell, two synergid cells, and the micropyle, an opening that allows the pollen tube to enter the structure. [4] The nuclei on the antipodal end are simply known as the antipodal cells. [5]
Depending on the species, these nuclei fuse before or upon fertilization of the central cell. The three nuclei at the end of the cell near the micropylar become the egg apparatus, with an egg cell in the center and two synergids. At the other end of the cell, a cell wall forms around the nuclei and forms the antipodals.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
Diagram of the nucleus showing the ribosome-studded outer nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, DNA (complexed as chromatin), and the nucleolus. The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's DNA , surrounded by a network of fibrous intermediate filaments called the nuclear matrix , and is enveloped in a double membrane called the nuclear envelope .
Plumule – the part of an embryo that give rise to the shoot system of a plant. Polar nuclei – Radicle – initial root-determined cells (Root apical meristem). Scutellum – Synergid – Tegmen – Testa – the seed coat; develops from the integuments after fertilization. [16] Sarcotesta – a fleshy seed coat. Sclerotesta – a hard seed ...
Once the pollen tube reaches an ovule, it bursts to deliver the two sperm cells. One of the sperm cells fertilizes the egg cell which develops into an embryo, which will become the future plant. The other one fuses with both polar nuclei of the central cell to form the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's