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Legend in Kushan language and Greek script (with the Kushan letter Ϸ "sh"): ϷΑΟΝΑΝΟϷΑΟ ΒΑΖΟΔΗΟ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ ("Shaonanoshao Bazodeo Koshano"): "King of kings, Vasudeva the Kushan". Rev: ΟΗϷΟ ( oesho ), Hindu god Shiva , holding a trisula scepter, with the bull Nandi .
Connections to several contemporaneous deities worshipped by neighbouring cultures have been suggested. During the Kushan era, Oesho was often linked to the Hindu concept of Ishvara, which was embodied by the god Shiva; [3] Oesho may share the same etymology as Ishvara and/or represent a variant of the word in the Bactrian language spoken by the Kushans.
The romanized form Oxus reflects the Greek form of the name (Ὸξωι), while in Bactrian the god was known as Vaxš. [a] [4] On a unique coin of the Kushan king Huvishka, the form Oaxšo (OAXϷO) has been identified. [1] Oxus was considered the divine representation of the river he shared his name with, the modern Amu Darya.
His grandiose regnal title is inscribed with the Brahmi script: "The Great King, King of Kings, Son of God, Kanishka". [ 1 ] [ 16 ] As the Kushans gradually assimilated into Indian society, their attire became lighter and their depictions more natural, moving away from frontal representation.
Huvishka also incorporates in his coins for the first and only time in Kushan coinage the Hellenistic-Egyptian Serapis (under the name ϹΑΡΑΠΟ, "Sarapo"). [14] [15] Since Serapis was the supreme deity of the pantheon of Alexandria in Egypt, this coin suggests that Huvishka had a strong orientation towards Roman Egypt, which may have been an important market for the products coming from ...
Kanishka I, [a] also known as Kanishka the Great, [5] was an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, under whose reign (c. 127 –150 CE) the empire reached its zenith. [6] He is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements.
Bactrian legend around "Peroz the Great Kushan King" [12] Reverse: Kushan god Oesho, Bactrian legend "The exalted God". [12] Peroz's reign marked a shift in Kushano-Sasanian coinage, which came to closely resemble the coinage of the Kushan emperors. [8] He was the first Kushano-Sasanian ruler to issue coins on the Kushan model. [12]
Numismatics research suggests that numerous coins of the ancient Kushan Empire (30–375 CE) that have survived, were images of a god who is probably Shiva. [135] The Shiva in Kushan coins is referred to as Oesho of unclear etymology and origins, but the simultaneous presence of Indra and Shiva in the Kushan era artwork suggest that they were ...