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Dogs suffering from autoimmune diseases of the skin may experience a variety of symptoms, including persistent itching and scratching, lesions, wounds, blisters, and other skin damage, as well as loss of skin pigment. [5] Two cases of autoimmune diseases that are often found include Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and Pemphigus.
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an uncommon autoimmune disease of the basal cell layer of the skin. It occurs in humans [1] and cats, more frequently occurring in dogs. It was first described in dogs by Griffin and colleagues in 1979. [2] [3] DLE is one form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). DLE occurs in dogs in two forms: a ...
Ianalumab (INN; [1] development code VAY736) is a monoclonal antibody that is being investigated for autoimmune hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's disease, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lokivetmab, trade name Cytopoint, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat atopic dermatitis in dogs. [1] It acts against interleukin 31 (IL-31), [2] which is a cytokine involved in causing itchiness (pruritus). [2] Lokivetmab is administered by subcutaneous injection; each dose is effective for four to eight weeks. [3]
There appears to be a genetic basis for the disease. [85] Discoid lupus erythematosus is an uncommon autoimmune disease of the skin in dogs. It does not progress to systemic lupus erythematosus in dogs. The most common initial symptom is scaling and loss of pigment on the nose. [34]
Treatment for a lupus anticoagulant is usually undertaken in the context of documented thrombosis, such as extremity phlebitis or dural sinus vein thrombosis. Patients with a well-documented (i.e., present at least twice) lupus anticoagulant and a history of thrombosis should be considered candidates for indefinite treatment with anticoagulants.
In autoimmune disease, anti-apolipoprotein H (AAHA) antibodies, also called anti-β 2 glycoprotein I antibodies, comprise a subset of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant. These antibodies are involved in sclerosis and are strongly associated with thrombotic forms of lupus. [ 1 ]
pimobendan – phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor used to manage heart failure in dogs; pirlimycin – antimicrobial; ponazuril – anticoccidial; praziquantel – treatment of infestations of the tapeworms Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Echinococcus granulosus; prazosin – sympatholytic used in hypertension and abnormal muscle contractions