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Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites. [1] It is used to treat bacterial pneumonia , acne , chlamydia infections , Lyme disease , cholera , typhus , and syphilis . [ 1 ]
The antibiotics most frequently used to treat acne vulgaris are erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, and minocycline. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] [ 42 ] Several other families of antibiotics are also active against C. acnes bacteria, including quinolones, cephalosporins, pleuromutilins, penicillins, and sulfonamides.
Benzoyl peroxide was first proposed as a treatment in 1958 and remains a staple of acne treatment. [209] The introduction of oral tetracycline antibiotics (such as minocycline) modified acne treatment in the 1950s. These reinforced the idea amongst dermatologists that bacterial growth on the skin plays an important role in causing acne. [206]
The use of doxycycline in acne vulgaris has been associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease, [9] although a later study indicated a link between acne vulgaris and IBS irrespective of the use of antibiotics. [10] Likewise, the use of minocycline in acne vulgaris has been associated with skin and gut dysbiosis. [11]
The drug isn’t generally used as a so-called first-line treatment for acne. It’s considered an option for women if other medications, including creams or oral antibiotics, don’t work.
Doxycycline is a second generation tetracycline with improved absorption and a broader anti-bacterial spectrum. [27] Doxycycline is most often the first antibiotic drug choice, given at a daily dosage of 100 mg for up to a month before considering tapering off or stopping. Sometimes, longer duration of low doses of doxycycline are required. [8]
“Most acne treatments—like cleansers, spot treatments, and lotions—contain salicylic acid in the 0.5 to two percent range,” she says. “One to two percent is common for spot treatments ...
Amoxicillin is occasionally used for the treatment of skin infections, [18] such as acne vulgaris. [33] It is often an effective treatment for cases of acne vulgaris that have responded poorly to other antibiotics, such as doxycycline and minocycline .