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Fibrosis can be a normal connective tissue deposition or excessive tissue deposition caused by a disease. [ 2 ] Repeated injuries, chronic inflammation and repair are susceptible to fibrosis, where an accidental excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, such as the collagen, is produced by fibroblasts, leading to the formation ...
A fibroblast is a type of biological cell typically with a spindle shape [1] that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, [2] produces the structural framework for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing. [3] Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.
Commonly, fibroblasts express smooth muscle actin, a form of actin first found in smooth muscle cells and not found in resting fibrocytes. Fibroblasts expressing this form of actin are usually called "myo-fibroblasts." Recently, the term "fibrocyte" has also been applied to a bloodborne cell able to leave the blood, enter tissue and become a ...
Fibroblasts, the main cells that deposit granulation tissue, depend on oxygen to proliferate and lay down the new extracellular matrix. [7] In vascularisation, also called angiogenesis, endothelial cells quickly grow into the tissue from older, intact blood vessels. [8] These branch out in a systematic way, forming anastomoses with other vessels.
PDGF is a cytokine that plays a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration. [22] It is involved in the recruitment of fibroblasts to sites of tissue injury in the lungs, and increased PDGF signaling is associated with the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
Myofibroblasts were first identified in granulation tissue during skin wound healing. [2] Typically, these cells are found in granulation tissue, scar tissue (fibrosis) and the stroma of tumours. They also line the gastrointestinal tract, wherein they regulate the shapes of crypts and villi.
The normal fibroblast cells receive a hormone signal from nearby cancer cells, indicating that it must become activated, and is thus classed as a CAF. [2] It is unclear why normal fibroblasts transition into CAFs but it has been found that by adding transforming growth factor-β to fibroblasts in culture they start to display features of CAFs. [26]
In normal repair, the hyperplastic type II cells die and the remaining cells spread and undergo a differentiation process to become type I cells. Under pathologic conditions and in the presence of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblasts accumulate in these areas of damage and differentiate into myofibroblasts that secrete collagen ...