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Monodontomerus can be a serious pest of O. lignaria, but Leucospis is less common and Melittobia is more likely to parasitize other later emerging Osmia. Several species of cuckoo wasps, relatively large and metallic green, also consume Osmia larva, but these wasps develop next to the juvenile bee and consumes the larva from the outside. [4]
Apocrita (wasps, bees and ants) Hymenoptera is a large order of insects , comprising the sawflies , wasps , bees , and ants . Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. [ 4 ]
Commonly known as cuckoo wasps or emerald wasps, the hymenopteran family Chrysididae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species) of parasitoid or kleptoparasitic wasps, often highly sculptured, [1] with brilliant metallic colors created by structural coloration. [2]
Bees collecting pollen from sunflowers treated with Gaucho exhibited confused and nervous behavior; thus, the phenomenon was initially termed the "mad bee disease" — the bees, according to ...
The wasps are a cosmopolitan paraphyletic grouping of hundreds of thousands of species, [1] [2] consisting of the narrow-waisted clade Apocrita without the ants and bees. [3] The Hymenoptera also contain the somewhat wasplike but unwaisted Symphyta , the sawflies.
In Polistes exclamans, equal sex ratio is obtained when only 46.3% of investment is devoted to females as female wasps are 1.16 times larger than male wasps. [16] In a study done by Strassmann, it was found that sexual investment is female biased, especially during years of high predation and when nests are generally less successful. [ 16 ]
The most common bees in the Northern Hemisphere are the Halictidae, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Bees range in size from tiny stingless bee species, whose workers are less than 2 millimeters (0.08 in) long, [5] to the leafcutter bee Megachile pluto, the largest species of bee, whose females can attain ...
Charles Darwin considered the evolution of eusociality a major problem for his theory of natural selection.In The Origin of Species, he described the existence of sterile worker castes in the social insects as "the one special difficulty, which at first appeared to me insuperable and actually fatal to my whole theory".