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Psychological determinism can mean that humans must act according to reason, but it can also be synonymous with some sort of psychological egoism. The latter is the view that humans will always act according to their perceived best interest.
Psychological determinism is the view that psychological phenomena are determined by factors outside of a person's control. [1] Daniel Bader discusses two forms of psychological determinism: [2] Orectic psychological determinism is the view that we always act upon our greatest drive.
Psychic determinism is a type of determinism that theorizes that all mental processes are not spontaneous but are determined by the unconscious or preexisting mental complexes. It relies on the causality principle applied to psychic occurrences in which nothing happens by chance or by accidental arbitrary ways. [ 1 ]
Social determinism is the theory that social interactions alone determine individual behavior (as opposed to biological or objective factors). [ citation needed ] A social determinist would only consider social dynamics like customs, cultural expectations, education, and interpersonal interactions as the contributing factors to shape human ...
The term "overdetermination" (German: Überdeterminierung) was used by Sigmund Freud as a key concept in his psychoanalysis, and later by Louis Althusser. In the philosophy of science , the concept of overdetermination has been used to describe a situation in which there are more causes present than are necessary to cause an effect.
Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility that an individual's behavior may be conditioned through the use of consequences. At the same time he asserts that a ...
Predeterminism can be used to mean such pre-established causal determinism, in which case it is categorised as a specific type of determinism. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It can also be used interchangeably with causal determinism—in the context of its capacity to determine future events.
Founding actors of Psychology (such as Sigmund Freud, and B.F. Skinner) defaulted on deterministic principles in order to form their theories. Much of this is due to the scientific consensus of the era, particularly concerning Newtonian principles of linear time and the attempts made by earlier psychologists to have psychology recognized as a ...