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The terms performance-based and results-based are mostly used interchangeably. The latter may signal more the achievement of broader social and economic outcomes Performance-based contracting is the term used in Australia, New Zealand and Canada to describe the practice of attaching contract payment to a set of performance metrics.
Activity-based costing establishes relationships between overhead costs and activities so that costs can be more precisely allocated to products, services, or customer segments. Activity-based management focuses on managing activities to reduce costs and improve customer value. Kaplan and Cooper [1] divide ABM into operational and strategic:
Half cost strategies: ambitious strategies which aim to reduce the costs of specific production processes or value adding stages to 1/N of the previous cost. [7] Examples specifically focussed on the use of suppliers and the costs of goods and services supplied include: Supplier consolidation: see examples in the aerospace manufacturing industry
Target costing is defined as "a disciplined process for determining and achieving a full-stream cost at which a proposed product with specified functionality, performance, and quality must be produced in order to generate the desired profitability at the product’s anticipated selling price over a specified period of time in the future."
Typically, supply-chain managers aim to maximize the profitable operation of their manufacturing and distribution supply chain. This could include measures like maximizing gross margin return on inventory invested (balancing the cost of inventory at all points in the supply chain with availability to the customer), minimizing total operating expenses (transportation, inventory and ...
The application of Performance Based Budgeting in U.S. institutions of higher education provides incentives for colleges to enrol students and thus provide access to post-secondary education. [9] Performance-based budgeting is an approach in which funding for an institution "depends on performing in certain ways and meeting certain expectations ...
Manufacturing may want to consider moving away from traditional accounting and adopting lean accounting. In using lean accounting, one expected gain is activity-based cost visibility, i.e., measuring the direct and indirect costs at each step of an activity rather than traditional cost accounting that limits itself to labor and supplies.
Cost plus pricing is a cost-based method for setting the prices of goods and services. Under this approach, the direct material cost, direct labor cost, and overhead costs for a product are added up and added to a markup percentage (to create a profit margin) in order to derive the price of the product.