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Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a disease prevalent in dogs that exhibit symptoms of dementia or Alzheimer's disease shown in humans. [1] CCD creates pathological changes in the brain that slow the mental functioning of dogs resulting in loss of memory, motor function, and learned behaviors from training early in life.
For example, a Beagle (average life expectancy 13.3 years) usually lives to around 12–15 years, and a Scottish Terrier (average life expectancy 12 years) usually lives to around 10–16 years. The longest living verified dog is Bluey , an Australian Cattle Dog who died at 29 years.
The hallmark symptom of LATE is a progressive memory loss that predominantly affects short-term and episodic memory. [1] This impairment is often severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and usually remains the chief neurologic deficit, unlike other types of dementia in which non-memory cognitive domains and behavioral changes might be noted earlier or more prominently. [1]
Older, small breeds of dogs are prone to congestive heart failure due to degeneration of the mitral valve. This condition is known to be inherited in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Degenerative valve disease is the most common form of heart disease in dogs. [25]
The median life expectancy is around 9 years, and the average life expectancy is 16.3 years. [1] The causes of death are attributed to respiratory complications in the late stage of the disease (e.g. pneumonia), neurological complications (e.g. drug resistant epilepsy), and cardiac events. [10] [11]
AFib, the most common heart rhythm disorder, is linked to a 39% increased risk of cognitive impairment, while coronary heart disease increases the risk of dementia by 27%, with up to 50% of heart ...
Vascular dementia; Other names: Dementia due to cerebrovascular disease; [1] Vascular cognitive impairment [2] Brain atrophy from vascular dementia: Specialty: Psychiatry, neurology Symptoms: Cognitive impairment, short-term memory loss [3] Complications: Heart disease, loss of ability to care for self and interact, pneumonia [4] Causes
The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) has established a Congenital Heart Registry whose guidelines were established by veterinary cardiologists. A dog which auscultates normally at 12 months of age is considered to be free of congenital heart disease. Upon confirmation of this, OFA will issue a certificate. [3]