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They and their apprentices were contracted to make runestones and when the work was finished, they sometimes signed the stone with the name of the runemaster. [2] Many of the uncovered runic inscriptions have likely been completed by non-professional runecarvers for the practical purposes of burial rites or record-keeping. [ 3 ]
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When the work was finished, the stone was usually signed with the name of the runemaster. [4] Öpir had been an associate or an apprentice of the runemaster Visäte. [1] [5] He has signed about 50 runestones, and an additional 50 runestones were probably made by him.
U 969 is signed by the runemaster Åsmund. Upplands Runic Inscription 969 or U 969 is the Rundata listing for an inscription on a granite stone 1.35 meters in height. The inscription consists of runic text carved in the younger futhark on a serpent with a cross in the upper section.
A raised uninscribed stone at Gällsta. The Gällsta Runestones from the 11th century commemorate four generations of the same family in Viking Age Sweden. There are three runestones (U 229, U 231 and U 232) and a raised stone which is only inscribed with a cross (U 230). [1]
The runic text uses a bind rune, which is a ligature, combining an a-rune and l-rune in the name Svertingr. [1] In addition, the runemaster connected the u-rune and l-rune in his signature. [1] In some names on runestones, bind runes may have been ornamental and used to highlight the name. [3]
Runestone U 47. Runic inscription U 47 contains runic text within a serpent surrounding a cross in the upper central area. The stone is about 1.75 metres in height. The inscription is attributed to a runemaster with the normalized name of Ärnfast [3] and is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr3, which is also known as Urnes style.
The runic text indicates that the inscription was carved by a runemaster with a normalized name of Öpir, who was active in Uppland in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. Öpir was known for using loop patterns in his inscriptions, and used a three loop pattern for U 210. [ 2 ]