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They and their apprentices were contracted to make runestones and when the work was finished, they sometimes signed the stone with the name of the runemaster. [2] Many of the uncovered runic inscriptions have likely been completed by non-professional runecarvers for the practical purposes of burial rites or record-keeping. [ 3 ]
Öpir or Öper (Old Norse: Øpiʀ/Œpir, meaning "shouter") was a runemaster who flourished during the late 11th century and early 12th century in Uppland, Sweden. [1] He was the most productive of all the old runemasters [ 2 ] and his art is classified as being in the highly refined Urnes style .
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Another possibility is that the word is the name Häggulv. [1] The mother's name Sóma is otherwise unknown from this period, and may be related to the Old Norse word somi meaning "glory" or "honor." [1] The inscription is signed by a runemaster named Brúni, which is normalized as Brune, who was the brother of Sóma
The Järsberg Runestone is from the 6th century and contains the statement: ek erilaz.. Erilaz or Erilaʀ is a Migration period Proto-Norse word attested on various Elder Futhark inscriptions, which has often been interpreted to mean "magician" or "rune master", [1] i.e., one who is capable of writing runes to magical effect.
Of the names in the text, Sæbiorn means "sea bear," [8] Hærlæif means "warrior love relic" or "beloved warrior," [9] and Þorgærðr is the name of a goddess, Þorgerðr, which combines the god name Thor and gerðr, the latter word meaning "fenced in." [10] Ingvar, the leader of the expedition, has a name meaning "the god Ing's warrior."
U 485 in Marma has a signature with the full name of the runemaster Öpir. Uppland Runic Inscription 485 or U 485 is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located in Marma, which is about six kilometers northeast of Knivsta, Uppsala County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Uppland.
The name Hariwulfa is a combination of hari meaning "warrior" and wulafa "wolf," while the haþu of Haþuwulfz means "battle." [ 6 ] It has been suggested that the assignment of such lycophoric names may have been related to ritualistic practices and religious wolf-symbolism used in the initiation of young warriors. [ 7 ]