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A Juris Doctor, Doctor of Jurisprudence, [1] or Doctor of Law [2] (JD) is a graduate-entry professional degree that primarily prepares individuals to practice law. In the United States , it is the only qualifying law degree.
Post-nominal Abbreviation Agency or Description Juris Doctor: J.D. An academic, not a professional designation. Identifies a person who has obtained the academic degree Juris Doctor or Doctor of Jurisprudence, which are different names for the same professional degree in law.
In the United States, the most common Doctor of Law degree is the Juris Doctor (or Doctor of Jurisprudence), abbreviated as J.D. It is the professional degree for lawyers, having replaced the Bachelor of Laws in the 20th century after law schools began to require a Bachelor's degree before admission to a J.D. program to study law for three years.
As of 2019, [5] the professional degree required to become a common law lawyer is a Juris Doctor (J.D.). Formerly, this degree was called a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B., Legum Baccalaureatus in Latin), but the name was phased out. LL.B. holders were often given the chance to convert their degrees to the new designation.
A Juris Doctor, Doctor of Jurisprudence, [1] or Doctor of Law [2] (JD) is a graduate-entry professional degree that primarily prepares individuals to practice law. In the United States , it is the only qualifying law degree, while other jurisdictions, such as
The first research doctorate was the doctor of philosophy, which came to the U.S. from Germany, and is frequently referred to by its initials of Ph.D. As academia evolved in the country a wide variety of other types of doctoral degrees and programs were developed.
A professional doctorate is a terminal degree for licensure in an occupation, such as the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Juris Doctor (JD), and Doctor of Engineering (EngD). [6] The phrase "terminal degree" is used heavily in the United States but is less used in other countries.
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.