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There are several subtypes of CINV. The classifications of nausea and vomiting are: [2] Acute: occurring within 24 hours of chemotherapy; Delayed: occurring between 24 hours and 5 days after treatment; Breakthrough: occurring despite prophylactic treatment; Anticipatory: triggered by taste, odor, memories, visions, or anxiety related to ...
Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. [1] This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief. About 70–80% of people undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea or vomiting.
Chemotherapy is a major cause of emesis, and often can cause severe and frequent emetic responses. This is because chemotherapy agents circulating in the blood activate the CTZ in such a way as to cause emesis. [13] Patients receiving chemotherapy are often prescribed antiemetic medications.
The discovery of neurokinin 1 (NK 1) receptor antagonists was a turning point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. [4] An example of a drug in this class is aprepitant. Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases.
Aprepitant, sold under the brand name Emend among others, is a medication used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [5] It may be used together with ondansetron and dexamethasone. [5] It is taken by mouth [5] or administered by intravenous injection. [3]
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. [1] Feeling faint may also occur. [2] It is considered a more severe form of morning sickness. [2] Symptoms often get better after the 20th week of pregnancy but may last the entire pregnancy duration.
Nausea is the most common side effect of semaglutide, the weight loss and diabetes medication often sold under the brand names Ozempic and Wegovy. It is particularly common after starting the ...
Clinical trials suggest that it is more effective than other 5-HT 3 antagonists in preventing delayed CINV (nausea and vomiting that occur more than 24 hours after the first dose of chemotherapy). [15] It is taken once daily. Dolasetron was first mentioned in the literature in 1989. [16]