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So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. "the French", "the Dutch") provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify). Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms are also used for various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words.
Usually, in borrowing words from Latin, the endings of the nominative are used: nouns whose nominative singular ends in -a (first declension) have plurals in -ae (anima, animae); nouns whose nominative singular ends in -um (second declension neuter) have plurals in -a (stadium, stadia; datum, data). (For a full treatment, see Latin declensions.)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Usage of collective nouns Notes Further reading External links Generic terms The terms in this table apply to many ...
That is reflected in the modern pronunciation of the endings that are spelled -s (the noun plural ending, the 'Saxon genitive' ending and the third-person present indicative ending), which now have the phonemic shape - /z/, having developed in Middle English from - [əs] to - [əz] and then, after the deletion of the unstressed vowel, to - /z ...
Exceptions include proper nouns, which typically are not translated, and kinship terms, which may be too complex to translate. Proper nouns/names may simply be repeated in the gloss, or may be replaced with a placeholder such as "(name. F)" or "PN(F)" (for a female name). For kinship glosses, see the dedicated section below for a list of ...
The paradigm of nominal declension depends on the gender and the ending in the nominative of the noun. In Czech the letters d, h, ch, k, n, r and t are considered 'hard' consonants and č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, and ň are considered 'soft'. Others are ambiguous, so nouns ending in b, f, l, m, p, s, v and z may take either form.
Masculine names or nouns may be turned into diminutives with the ending -ot, -on, or -ou (MF -eau), but sometimes, for phonetic reasons, an additional consonant is added (e.g. -on becomes -ton, -ou becomes -nou, etc.): Jeannot (Jonny), from Jean (John); Pierrot (Petey) from Pierre (Peter); chiot (puppy), from chien (dog); fiston (sonny or sonny ...
na fir mhóra "the big men" (lenition after a plural noun ending in a slender consonant) ainm an fhir bhig "the name of the small man" (lenition after a masculine singular noun in the genitive) sa chrann mhór "in the big tree" (lenition after a noun lenited by virtue of being in the dative after den, don, or sa(n))