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So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. "the French", "the Dutch") provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify). Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms are also used for various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words.
Masculine nouns ending in a consonant+ -a and feminine nouns ending in a consonant+ y are considered nouns ending in a consonant. [102] Nouns ending in a consonant+ -a never stress the last syllable of the word. [103] Feminine nouns ending in a consonant always have stress on the first syllable, with two exceptions. [103]
There are 14 paradigms of noun declension. The paradigm of nominal declension depends on the gender and the ending in the nominative of the noun.. In Czech the letters d, h, ch, k, n, r and t are considered 'hard' consonants and č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, and ň are considered 'soft'.
The locative singular ending -(i)e is for hard stems and -(i)u is for soft stems or nouns whose stems end with -k/-g/-ch, as well as -s/-z. An ending -ë (from a short /u/) exists in North-East Kashubia. [9] Masculine nouns ending in -a decline femininely in the singular and masculinely in the plural. [7] Comments about the plural: The ...
However, some words already have the same ending as if they were diminutives, but they aren't. In such cases, only one diminutive form is possible, e.g. "kočka" (notice the -ka ending) means "cat" (of normal size), "kočička" means "small cat". Every noun has a grammatically correct diminutive form, regardless of the sense it makes.
The unmarked placement for most adjectives (e.g. colours, nationalities) is after the noun, [10] but this is reversed for a few common classes of adjective—those denoting beauty, age, goodness, and size are placed before the noun in the unmarked case, and after the noun for emphasis.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' /tʃ/ sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify as its -ch is pronounced /k/).
a noun ending in k + -em > kiem; a noun ending in k + plural i > ki or cy > a noun ending in g + -em > giem; a noun ending in g + plural i > gi or dzy > a noun ending in ch + plural i > si or chy; Some words are subject to certain vowel alternations, caused by historical sound changes in Polish. The alternations are as follows (they do not ...