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'Open defecation free' (ODF) is a term used to describe communities that have shifted to using toilets instead of open defecation. This can happen, for example, after community-led total sanitation programs have been implemented. Open defecation can pollute the environment and cause health problems and diseases.
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, two states that had declared themselves open defecation-free, are yet to achieve that goal. In Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh 63% and 35% respectively were estimated to be defecating in the open. [6] Household toilet construction increased from 43.79% in 2014, to 65.74% in 2016, to 98.53 in 2018. [1]
Open defecation is the practice of defecating out in the open, rather than using a toilet. "Open defecation free" (ODF) is a central term for community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programs. It primarily means the eradication of open defecation in the entire community. However, ODF can also include additional criteria, such as: [7]
[48] [49] [50] Since 2014, the Government of India, has made remarkable strides in reaching the Open Defecation Free targets. 36 states and union territories, 706 districts and over 603,175 villages have been declared open defecation-free as of January 2020. [51] Where it achieved a measure of success, SBM built on the earlier sanitation ...
An increasing trend has been seen in India with how many households have toilet facilities. Although the Indian government has built more toilets, Indians do not necessarily use them, and continue to openly defecate [5] [6] [7] for a variety of reasons - poor quality or non-functioning toilets, reluctance to deviate from cultural norms, poverty, and government corruption.
In addition, in 2014 the new government announced its high-profile Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) that aims at eradicating open defecation by 2019, covering 4,041 cities and towns. The programme has received funding and technical support from the World Bank , corporations and state governments under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and ...
Community-led total sanitation is a behaviour change tool used in the sanitation sector for mainly rural settings in developing countries with the aim to stop open defecation. The method uses shame, disgust and to some extent peer pressure which leads to the "spontaneous" construction and long-term use of toilets after an initial triggering ...
A huge portion of Indian Population lacked access to toilets prior to the 2014, and open defecation on roads and railway tracks were very common. [43] However, due to the success of "Swacch Bharat Mission" initiative of the government of India, launched in 2014, India constructed 110 million toilets in the country on the cost of $28 billion. As ...