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A data unit at layer 2, the data link layer, is a frame. In layer 4, the transport layer, the data units are segments and datagrams. Thus, in the example of TCP/IP communication over Ethernet, a TCP segment is carried in one or more IP packets, which are each carried in one or more Ethernet frames.
An IP header is header information at the beginning of an Internet Protocol (IP) packet. An IP packet is the smallest message entity exchanged via the Internet Protocol across an IP network. IP packets consist of a header for addressing and routing, and a payload for user data. The header contains information about IP version, source IP address ...
IP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the IP addresses in the packet headers. For this purpose, IP defines packet structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered. It also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram with source and destination information.
Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an operating system, application software, or higher layer protocols. Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide.
A sends the data packet on the link addressed with B ' s MAC address. Typically, network nodes maintain a lookup cache that associates IP and MAC addressees. In this example, if A had the lookup cached, then it would not need to broadcast the ARP request.
IP packet may refer to: Internet Protocol; IPv4 packet; IPv6 packet This page was last edited on 18 September 2020, at 15:25 (UTC). Text is available under the ...
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IP carries data for a variety of different upper layer protocols. These protocols are each identified by a unique protocol number : for example, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) are protocols 1 and 2, respectively.