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In coeliac disease, anti-actin antibody levels correlate with the level of intestinal damage. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In autoimmune hepatitis , anti-actin antibody levels correlate with patterns of immune recognition, [ 4 ] the pattern of recognition was specific to a small percentage of autoimmune hepatitis type 1 or cryptogenic hepatitis patients.
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are antibodies (immunoglobulins) formed against smooth muscle. These antibodies are typically associated with autoimmune hepatitis. [1] [2] These antibodies can be directed against actin, troponin, and tropomyosin. [3]
Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Positive antibodies include: [19] [20] Antinuclear antibody (ANA) Anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) - 65% of people; Anti-actin antibodies; Anti-mitochondrial antibodies - rare except for overlap syndromes with primary biliary cholangitis; Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antibody antigen - 20% of people
The skin is from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and shows IgG deposit at two different places: The first is a band-like deposit along the epidermal basement membrane ("lupus band test" is positive). The second is within the nuclei of the epidermal cells (anti-nuclear antibodies).
For instance, up to 80% of those with SLE will have a positive double strand anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) autoantibody test, but only about 25–30% will have a positive RNP. Some individuals who do have an autoimmune disorder will have negative autoantibody test results, but at a later date – as the disorder progresses - the ...
ACTA2 (actin alpha 2) is an actin protein with several aliases including alpha-actin, alpha-actin-2, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA). Actins are a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments .
These antibodies are known to also occur in people who do not take statin medications. [3] Conversely, these antibodies are absent in people who take statin medications but do not have myopathy. Thus, the presence of anti-HMG CoA reductase antibodies in someone who uses a statin and has myopathy strongly supports the diagnosis. [3]
Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTG2 gene. [5] [6] [7] Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility, and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. In vertebrates, three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified.