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The McKenzie method is a technique primarily used in physical therapy.It was developed in the late 1950s by New Zealand physiotherapist Robin McKenzie. [1] [2] [3] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called "Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)" – a system encompassing assessment, diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities.
A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma , bronchitis , emphysema and COPD although DPIs (such as inhalable insulin ) have also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus .
In 1864, the first steam-driven nebulizer was invented in Germany. This inhaler, known as "Siegle's steam spray inhaler", used the Venturi principle to atomize liquid medication, and this was the very beginning of nebulizer therapy. The importance of droplet size was not yet understood, so the efficacy of this first device was unfortunately ...
Pulmonary drug delivery is mainly utilized for topical applications in the lungs, such as the use of inhaled beta-agonists, corticosteroids and anticholinergic agents for the treatment of asthma and COPD, the use of inhaled mucolytics and antibiotics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CT) and respiratory viral infections, [1] and the use of inhaled prostacyclin analogs for the treatment of ...
Fluticasone, a corticosteroid, works by decreasing inflammation while salmeterol, a long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA), works by activating beta-2 adrenergic receptors. [5] The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 2000. [5] A generic version was approved in the United States in 2019. [7]
Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol is only available as an inhaler, which generally contains thirty doses (one-month supply) of medicated powder for inhalation (except in the case of, e.g., sample products from the manufacturer or those produced specifically for hospitals [institutional formulations], which contain 14 doses). [4]
[3] [4] Formoterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist. [3] [4] It attaches to receptors (targets) known as beta-2 receptors in the muscles of the airways. [3] [4] By attaching to these receptors, it causes the muscles to relax, which keeps the airways open and helps with the patient's breathing. [3] [4] Glycopyrronium bromide is a muscarinic ...
[1] [2] The inhalant opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. [3] [4] It is used to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [3] It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. [3] Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours. [3]