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Biafra (/ b i ˈ æ f r ə / bee-AF-rə), [4] officially the Republic of Biafra, [5] was a partially recognised state in West Africa [6] [7] that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970. [8] Its territory consisted of the former Eastern Region of Nigeria, predominantly inhabited by the Igbo ethnic group. [1]
Biafra began the war with only 230 soldiers at Enugu, which grew to two battalions by August 1967, which soon were expanded into two brigades, the 51st and 52nd which became the core of the Biafran Army. [132] By 1969, the Biafrans were to field 90,000 soldiers formed into five undermanned divisions together with a number of independent units ...
[56] [57] This declaration precipitated the Nigerian Civil War, which began as the official Nigerian government side attacked Biafra on 6 July 1967, at Garkem. The 30-month war, with a long blockade of Biafra and its isolation from trade and international relief, ended in January 1970. [ 58 ]
The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose date remains at least 13,000 BC through the early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known today as Nigeria, such as the Kingdom of Nri , [ 1 ] the Benin Kingdom , [ 2 ] and ...
On 30 May 1967, when the Igbos declared their independence from Nigeria and formed the breakaway state of Biafra, [47] the Nigerian and British governments launched a total blockade of Biafra. [48] Initially on the offensive, Biafra began to suffer and its government frequently had to move because the Nigerian army kept on conquering its ...
Relief aid into Biafra began arriving by land, sea, and air soon after the start of the Nigerian Civil War in 1967. Reports of widespread famine began emerging, many from NGOs participating in the relief aid efforts. Relief flights ramped up after Nigeria's land and sea blockade of Biafra became near-total in June 1968.
The Biafra Referendum, otherwise known as the Biafra self-referendum, was a self-determination poll organized and conducted by the Biafra Republic Government in Exile to determine the declaration of the restoration of Biafra, a partially recognised state in West Africa that declared independence from Nigeria and existed from 1967 until 1970.
The president of Biafra was the head of state of the Republic of Biafra, a secessionist state that consisted of the old Eastern Region of Nigeria. [1]