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The chorion and amnion membranes are labelled in this depiction of a growing fetus in the uterus. The amniotic sac consists of two parts: The outer membrane is the chorion. It is closest to the mother and physically supports the much thinner amnion. The chorion is the last and outermost of the membranes that make up the amniotic sac. [13]
Hydrops fetalis or hydrops foetalis is a condition in the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments. [1] [2] By comparison, hydrops allantois or hydrops amnion is an accumulation of excessive fluid in the allantoic or amniotic space, respectively. [3]
The fetal membrane is composed of a thick cellular chorion covering a thin amnion composed of dense collagen fibrils. The amnion is in contact with the amniotic fluid and ensures structural integrity of the sac due to its mechanical strength.
The third membrane is the allantois, and the fourth is the chorion which surrounds the embryo after about a month and eventually fuses with the amnion. [ 6 ] Amniocentesis is a medical procedure where fluid from the sac is sampled during fetal development , between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, to be used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal ...
Spontaneous rupture of membranes before term is referred to as "premature rupture of membranes." The majority of the hindwaters remain inside the womb until the baby is born. Artificial rupture of membrane (ARM), a manual rupture of the amniotic sac, can also be performed to release the fluid if the amnion has not spontaneously ruptured. [5]
On occasion, with the rupture of membranes, particularly if the head is not engaged, the umbilical cord may prolapse. A cord prolapse is an obstetrical emergency, as the descending head may block fetal-placental circulation. Once the membranes are ruptured, bacteria may ascend and could lead to amnionitis and fetal infection.
Circumvallate placenta is a rare condition affecting about 1-2% of pregnancies, in which the amnion and chorion fetal membranes essentially "double back" on the fetal side around the edges of the placenta. [1] After delivery, a circumvallate placenta has a thick ring of membranes on its fetal surface. [2]
A fetus surrounded by the amniotic sac which is enclosed by fetal membranes. In PROM, these membranes rupture before labor starts. The cause of PROM is not clearly understood, but the following are risk factors that increase the chance of it occurring. In many cases, however, no risk factor is identified. [10]