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Venous leak, also called venogenic erectile dysfunction and penile venous insufficiency, is one category of vascular-induced (vasculogenic) impotence – a cause of erectile dysfunction in males. [2] It affects all ages, being particularly awkward in young men. [ 3 ]
Symptoms: A flaccid penis that remains in a firm, semi-rigid state in the absence of sexual arousal: Usual onset: Typically following a traumatic event (an injury to the erect penis, blunt perineal trauma, cauda equina) though can also appear without an apparent cause: Causes: Excessive sympathetic activity in the erectile smooth muscle tissue ...
Delay in seeking treatment increases the complication rate. Non-surgical approaches result in 10–50% complication rates including erectile dysfunction, permanent penile curvature, damage to the urethra and pain during sexual intercourse, while operatively treated patients experience an 11% complication rate. [4] [12]
Other symptoms include severe pain, loss of erection, and swelling. [5] Symptoms of urethral injury include hematuria, blood at the meatus, and dysuria. [1] If left untreated, complications result in 28–53% of cases; these include permanent curvature of the penis, fistula, urethral diverticulum, priapism, and erectile dysfunction. [5]
This treatment may alleviate symptoms for up to 73% of people. [19] Treatment of pudendal nerve entrapment by nerve block is not often prescribed due to discomfort as well as the risk of injuring critical structures. [52] Repeated injection at intervals of 3-4 weeks has been suggested. [16]
Penile revascularization is a specialized vascular-surgical treatment option for erectile dysfunction. The 2009 International Consultation on Sexual Dysfunctions recommended that revascularization be limited to nonsmoker, nondiabetic men younger than 55 years of age with isolated stenosis of the internal pudendal artery with absence of venous leak. [1]
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The most common medications that cause priapism are intra-cavernous injections for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (papaverine, alprostadil). Other medication groups reported are antihypertensives (e.g. Doxazosin ), antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , clozapine ), antidepressants (most notably trazodone ), anti-convulsant and mood ...