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  2. Uric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uric_acid

    Uric acid displays lactam–lactim tautomerism. [4] Uric acid crystallizes in the lactam form, [5] with computational chemistry also indicating that tautomer to be the most stable. [6] Uric acid is a diprotic acid with pK a1 = 5.4 and pK a2 = 10.3. [7] At physiological pH, urate predominates in solution. [medical citation needed]

  3. Your Gout Guide: From Symptoms to Treatment - AOL

    www.aol.com/gout-guide-symptoms-treatment...

    Tophi is when uric acid crystals around the joints form larger, hard deposits. It can lead to pain, soft tissue damage, and joint deformities. Folks with gout are more prone to certain other ...

  4. Gout - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gout

    Long-standing elevated uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) may result in other symptoms, including hard, painless deposits of uric acid crystals called tophi. Extensive tophi may lead to chronic arthritis due to bone erosion. [ 17 ]

  5. Uricosuric - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uricosuric

    By decreasing plasma uric acid levels, help dissolve these crystals, while limiting the formation of new ones. However, the increased uric acid levels in urine can contribute to kidney stones. Thus, use of these drugs is contraindicated in persons already with a high urine concentration of uric acid (hyperuricosuria). In borderline cases ...

  6. Hyperuricemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperuricemia

    Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [5] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...

  7. Hyperuricosuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperuricosuria

    Hyperuricosuria is a medical term referring to the presence of excessive amounts of uric acid in the urine. For men this is at a rate greater than 800 mg/day, and for women, 750 mg/day. [1] Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder, and hyperuricemia.

  8. Lithium (medication) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(medication)

    Lithium was first used in the 19th century as a treatment for gout after scientists discovered that, at least in the laboratory, lithium could dissolve uric acid crystals isolated from the kidneys. The levels of lithium needed to dissolve urate in the body, however, were toxic. [129]

  9. Acute uric acid nephropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_uric_acid_nephropathy

    Acute uric acid nephropathy is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals within the kidney interstitium and tubules, leading to partial or complete obstruction of collecting ducts, renal pelvis, or ureter. This obstruction is usually bilateral, and patients follow the clinical course of acute kidney failure.

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