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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), also known as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. [1] Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness. [1] Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain, or itchiness. [1]
The International Prognostic Index (IPI) is a clinical tool developed by oncologists to aid in predicting the prognosis of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Previous to IPI's development, the primary consideration in assessing prognosis was the Ann Arbor stage alone, but this was increasingly found to be an inadequate means of ...
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, which are defined as being all lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphoma, are more common than Hodgkin lymphoma. A wide variety of lymphomas are in this class, and the causes, the types of cells involved, and the prognoses vary by type. The number of cases per year of non-Hodgkin lymphoma increases with age.
FL is the most prevalent form of indolent lymphoma, accounting for 70% of indolent cases and 20–30% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, with a yearly incidence of 1.6 to 3.1 per 100,000. [ 13 ] [ 15 ] It is most frequently diagnosed among people in their 50s and 60s, and is more common among white populations than black or Asian populations.
B symptoms are a clear negative prognostic factor in Hodgkin lymphoma. [2] The relevance of B symptoms in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is less clear, although B symptoms tend to correlate with disease that is either more widespread or of a higher histologic grade. [3]
The more aggressive forms of disease require treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and—in some cases—a bone marrow transplant. The use of rituximab has been established for the treatment of B-cell–derived hematologic malignancies, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
The Deauville 5-point scoring system is an internationally accepted and utilized five-point scoring system for the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity of a Hodgkin lymphoma or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumor mass as seen on FDG positron emission tomography: [1] Score 1: No uptake above the background; Score 2: Uptake ≤ mediastinum
Ann Arbor staging is the staging system for lymphomas, both in Hodgkin's lymphoma (formerly designated Hodgkin's disease) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (abbreviated NHL). It was initially developed for Hodgkin's, but has some use in NHL. It has roughly the same function as TNM staging in solid tumors.