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The most common form of sterilization in dogs and cats is surgical, spaying in females and castration in males. Non-surgical fertility control can either result in sterilization or temporary contraception and could offer a cheaper way to keep wild dog and cat populations under control. As of 2019, only contraceptives are commercially available.
About 95 out of 100 couples who are trying to get pregnant do so within two years. [90] Women become less fertile as they get older. For women aged 35, about 94% who have regular unprotected sexual intercourse get pregnant after three years of trying. For women aged 38, however, only about 77%. The effect of age upon men's fertility is less ...
The volume of the semen sample (must be more than 1.5 ml), approximate number of total sperm cells, sperm motility/forward progression, and % of sperm with normal morphology are measured. It is possible to have hyperspermia (high volume more than 6 ml) or Hypospermia (low volume less than 0.5 ml).
Sperm count and its relationship to pregnancy rate Numerous studies show the association between obesity in men and infertility. In the developed world, the temporal trend for the reduction in sperm parameters (sperm count, motility, morphology, volume, fructose level, and pH) reflects the increasing prevalence of obesity.
Terms oligospermia, oligozoospermia, and low sperm count refer to semen with a low concentration of sperm [1] and is a common finding in male infertility. Often semen with a decreased sperm concentration may also show significant abnormalities in sperm morphology and motility (technically oligoasthenoteratozoospermia). There has been interest ...
In domestic dogs, sexual maturity occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds. [2] Pregnancy is possible as soon as the first estrus cycle, but breeding is not recommended prior to the second cycle. [3]
Hypospermia is a condition in which a man has an unusually low ejaculate (or semen) volume, less than 1.5 mL. It is the opposite of hyperspermia, which is a semen volume of more than 5.5 mL. [1] It should not be confused with oligospermia, which means low sperm count.
The presence of abnormally-shaped sperm can negatively affect fertility by preventing transport through the cervix and/or preventing sperm from adhering to the ovum. Achieving a pregnancy may be difficult. [3] In testing for teratozoospermia, sperm are collected, stained and analyzed under a microscope to detect abnormalities.