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The navy bean, haricot bean, pearl haricot bean, [3] Boston bean, [4] white pea bean, [5] or pea bean [6] is a variety of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) native to the Americas, where it was first domesticated. [7] It is a dry white bean that is smaller than many other types of white beans, and has an oval, slightly flattened shape. [3]
White seeds are common, but black, red, orange, and variously mottled seeds are also known. The immature seeds are uniformly green. Lima beans typically yield 2,900 to 5,000 kg (6,400 to 11,000 lb) of seed and 3,000 to 8,000 kg (6,600 to 17,600 lb) of biomass per hectare. The seeds of the cultivars listed below are white unless otherwise noted.
Phaseolus (bean, wild bean) [2] is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, ...
Dry beans (FAOSTAT code 0176, Phaseolus spp. including several species now in Vigna) Kidney bean, navy bean, pinto bean, black turtle bean, haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Lima bean, butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Adzuki bean, azuki bean (Vigna angularis) Mung bean, golden gram, green gram (Vigna radiata) Black gram, urad (Vigna mungo)
In 1912, ethnographer Carl Lumholtz found small cultivated fields primarily of tepary beans in the Pinacate Peaks area of Sonora. In the Pinacate, with an average annual precipitation of 75 mm (3.0 in) and temperatures up to 48 °C (118 °F), Papago and Mexican farmers utilized runoff from sparse rains to grow crops.
The word 'bean', for the Old World vegetable, existed in Old English, [3] long before the New World genus Phaseolus was known in Europe. With the Columbian exchange of domestic plants between Europe and the Americas, use of the word was extended to pod-borne seeds of Phaseolus, such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus Vigna.
Vivipary – This is a feature of many mangrove trees, where the seed germinates when the seed (and fruit) remain joined to the mother plant until the radicle and hypocotyl grow, reach the ground, and establish there. [11] (See also: seeds and germination related sections and articles) Adventitious root systems
Green beans are young, unripe fruits of various cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), [1] [2] although immature or young pods of the runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus), yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) are used in a similar way. [3]