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This information is described as metadata by the standard. Begun in 1995, [ 1 ] the effort brings together data professionals from around the world to develop the standard. The DDI specification, most often expressed in XML , provides a format for content, exchange, and preservation of questionnaire and data file information.
The World Bank Group Archive is arranged into Fonds (level of description) using EAD XML schemas with metadata for the description or archival content following the ISAD(G) standard. [ 10 ] UNESCO Archives are organized using the AtoM database and adhere to ISAD (G) standard for archival description.
Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange (SDMX) is a set of technical standards designed to describe statistical data and metadata, normalise their exchange, and improve their efficient sharing across statistical and similar organisations. [1]
A good example of metadata is the cataloging system found in libraries, which records for example the author, title, subject, and location on the shelf of a resource. Another is software system knowledge extraction of software objects such as data flows, control flows, call maps, architectures, business rules, business terms, and database schemas.
In the information sciences, an application profile consists of a set of metadata elements, policies, and guidelines defined for a particular application. [1]The elements may come from one or more element sets, thus allowing a given application to meet its functional requirements by using metadata from several element sets - including locally defined sets.
To this end, the Dublin Core Metadata Workshop met beginning in 1995 to develop a vocabulary that could be used to insert consistent metadata into Web documents. [9] Originally defined as 15 metadata elements, the Dublin Core Element Set allowed authors of web pages a vocabulary and method for creating simple metadata for their works. [10]
Darwin Core provides separate guidelines on how to encode the terms as RDF, [2] XML [3] or text files. [ 4 ] The Simple Darwin Core [ 5 ] is a specification for one particular way to use the terms and to share data about taxa and their occurrences in a simply-structured way.
The ISO/IEC 11179 model is a result of two principles of semantic theory, combined with basic principles of data modelling. The first principle from semantic theory is the thesaurus type relation between wider and more narrow (or specific) concepts, e.g. the wide concept "income" has a relation to the more narrow concept "net income".