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Alchemy was a series of practices that combined philosophical, magical, and chemical experimentation. One goal of European alchemists was to create what was known as the Philosopher’s Stone , a substance that when heated and combined with a non precious metal like copper or iron (known as the “base”) would turn into gold.
Lute (from Latin Lutum, meaning mud, clay etc.) [1] was a substance used to seal and affix apparatus employed in chemistry and alchemy, and to protect component vessels against heat damage by fire; it was also used to line furnaces. Lutation was thus the act of "cementing vessels with lute".
As the recipe was kept secret, experiments continued elsewhere, mixing glass materials (fused and ground into a frit) with clay or other substances to give whiteness and a degree of plasticity. Plymouth porcelain , founded in 1748, which moved to Bristol soon after, was the first English factory to make hard-paste.
[1] [2] [8] Coade did not invent artificial stone. Various lesser-quality ceramic precursors to Lithodipyra had been both patented and manufactured over the forty (or sixty) [4] years prior to the introduction of her product. She was, however, probably responsible for perfecting both the clay recipe and the firing process.
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The crucibles were made by firing kaolinitic clay at temperatures greater than 1100°C, forming mullite. Mullite is an aluminum silicate only described in the 20th century and is responsible for the excellent properties of the Hessian crucible. [1] [2] Main production centre of the Hessian crucibles was the village of Großalmerode.
Stephen Schwartz, Greg Wells, Ariana Grande and Stephen Oremus at work on the music of ‘Wicked’
A procedure for preparing clay or a clay body by hand: the lump of clay is repeatedly thrown down on a work bench; between each operation the lump is turned and sometimes cut through and rejoined in a different orientation. The object is to disperse the water more uniformly, to remove lamination and to remove air. Whiteware