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In other words, a language develops a new system of oppositions among its phonemes. Old contrasts may disappear, new ones may emerge, or they may simply be rearranged. [1] Sound change may be an impetus for changes in the phonological structures of a language (and likewise, phonological change may sway the process of sound change). [1]
In historical linguistics, a sound change is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic change) or a more general change to the speech sounds that exist (phonological change), such as the merger of two sounds or the creation of a new sound.
Social variation and the Latin language. Cambridge University Press. Allen, William Sidney (1965). Vox Latina: A guide to the pronunciation of Classical Latin. Cambridge University Press. Chambon, Jean-Pierre (2013). "Notes sur un problème de la reconstruction phonétique et phonologique du protoroman: Le groupe */ɡn/".
The Atlas of North American English: Phonetics, Phonology and Sound Change (abbreviated ANAE; formerly, the Phonological Atlas of North America) is a 2006 book that presents an overview of the pronunciation patterns in all the major dialect regions of the English language as spoken in urban areas of the United States and Canada.
Morphophonology (also morphophonemics or morphonology) is the branch of linguistics that studies the interaction between morphological and phonological or phonetic processes. Its chief focus is the sound changes that take place in morphemes (minimal meaningful units) when they combine to form words.
Assimilation can be synchronic, an active process in a language at a given point in time, or diachronic, a historical sound change—for instance, "cupboard," historically a compound of "cup" (/ k ʌ p /) and "board" (/ b ɔːr d /), is now pronounced / ˈ k ʌ b ər d /, with the original / ˈ k ʌ p b ɔːr d / almost never used. [note 4]
[4] Over enough time, changes in a language can accumulate to such an extent that it is no longer recognizable as the same language. For instance, modern English is the result of centuries of language change applying to Old English, even though modern English is extremely divergent from Old English in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The ...
The term "sound change" refers to diachronic changes, which occur in a language's sound system. On the other hand, "alternation" refers to changes that happen synchronically (within the language of an individual speaker, depending on the neighbouring sounds) and do not change the language's underlying system .