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For audit evidence, it is reliable if the auditor has no other means of obtaining evidence. Examples may include situations involving contingent liabilities or off-balance-sheet liabilities. The person issuing the letter should have the appropriate authority or seniority in the organization to vouch on the issue.
In accounting, contingent liabilities are liabilities that may be incurred by an entity depending on the outcome of an uncertain future event [1] such as the outcome of a pending lawsuit. These liabilities are not recorded in a company's accounts and shown in the balance sheet when both probable and reasonably estimable as 'contingency' or ...
It sets out the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, with several exceptions, [1] establishing the important principle that a provision is to be recognized only when the entity has a liability. [2]
This is a list of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and official interpretations, as set out by the IFRS Foundation.It includes accounting standards either developed or adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), the standard-setting body of the IFRS Foundation.
The formal accounting distinction between on- and off-balance-sheet items can be quite detailed and will depend to some degree on management judgments, but in general terms, an item should appear on the company's balance sheet if it is an asset or liability that the company owns or is legally responsible for; uncertain assets or liabilities ...
If parties have joint liability, each of them is liable up to the full amount of the relevant obligation. Example: Alex and Bobbie are married. Together they take a loan from a bank and the loan agreement specifies that they are to be jointly liable for the full amount. Alex moves overseas and ceases to make payments.
In financial economics, contingent claim analysis is widely used as a framework both for developing pricing models, and for extending the theory. [6] Thus, from its origins in option pricing and the valuation of corporate liabilities, [7] it has become a major approach to intertemporal equilibrium under uncertainty. [8]
Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank or other corporate to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. [1]