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Prednisolone can also be used for allergic reactions ranging from seasonal allergies to drug allergic reactions. [25] Prednisolone can also be used as an immunosuppressant for organ transplants. [7] [26] Prednisolone in lower doses can be used in cases of adrenal insufficiency due to Addison's disease. [27] [28]
It can also cause depression or depressive symptoms and anxiety in some individuals. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Long-term side effects include Cushing's syndrome , steroid dementia syndrome , [ 27 ] truncal weight gain, glaucoma and cataracts , diabetes mellitus type 2 , and depression upon dose reduction or cessation. [ 28 ]
The volume of distribution of raloxifene with a single 30 to 150 mg oral dose is approximately 2348 L/kg, which corresponds to ~170,000 L for a 72 kg person. [ 3 ] [ 38 ] Both raloxifene and its glucuronide metabolites show high plasma protein binding (>95%), including to both albumin and α 1 acid glycoprotein , but not to sex hormone-binding ...
In particular, prostaglandins induce abdominal contractions that can cause pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. [8] [9] The use of certain types of birth control pills can prevent the symptoms of dysmenorrhea because they stop ovulation from occurring. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased pain sensitivity and heavy menstrual bleeding. [10] [11]
Abrupt termination of the drug commonly causes transient non-specific symptoms such as loss of appetite, upset stomach, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, headache, fever, joint and muscle pain, peeling skin, and weight loss. [29] [30] These symptoms can be attributed to steroid withdrawal syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, or disease relapse. [29]
[148] [149] [130] [150] [112] [151] The dosages of bicalutamide in the cases ranged from 50 to 150 mg/day and the onsets were all within 6 months of therapy. [ 149 ] [ 130 ] [ 150 ] [ 112 ] [ 151 ] One of the cases onset after only two doses of bicalutamide and may have been more related to prolonged prior exposure to flutamide and CPA .
Osteoarthritis commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and the large weight-bearing joints, such as the hips and knees, although in theory, any joint in the body can be affected. As osteoarthritis progresses, movement patterns (such as gait), are typically affected. [1] Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of a joint effusion of the knee. [15]
To prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis, the steroid dose and duration should be as low and as short as possible. All patients on long term glucocorticoids (≥3 months) should be encouraged to do weightbearing exercise, avoid smoking and excess alcohol and take fall prevention measures.