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The zero-width space (rendered: ; HTML entity: ​ or ​), abbreviated ZWSP, is a non-printing character used in computerized typesetting to indicate where the word boundaries are, without actually displaying a visible space in the rendered text.
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to ISO 8879 – SGML. [20] April 24, 1998 HTML 4.0 [21] was reissued with minor edits without incrementing the version number. December 24, 1999 HTML 4.01 [22] was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers the same three variations as HTML 4.0 and its last errata [23] were published on May 12, 2001 ...
While Hypertext Markup Language has been in use since 1991, HTML 4.0 from December 1997 was the first standardized version where international characters were given reasonably complete treatment. When an HTML document includes special characters outside the range of seven-bit ASCII , two goals are worth considering: the information's integrity ...
In web page design, and generally for all markup languages such as SGML, HTML, and XML, a well-formed element is one that is either a) opened and subsequently closed, or b) an empty element, which in that case must be terminated; and in either case which is properly nested so that it does not overlap with other elements.
The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. [1]
[10] In caret notation the null character is ^@. On some keyboards, one can enter a null character by holding down Ctrl and pressing @ (on US layouts just Ctrl+2 will often work, there being no need for ⇧ Shift to get the @ sign). The Hexadecimal notation for null is 00. Decoding the Base64 string AA== also yields the null character.
In HTML DOM (Document Object Model), every element is a node: [4] A document is a document node. All HTML elements are element nodes. All HTML attributes are attribute nodes. Text inserted into HTML elements are text nodes. Comments are comment nodes.