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Genu varum (also called bow-leggedness, bandiness, bandy-leg, and tibia vara) is a varus deformity marked by (outward) bowing at the knee, which means that the lower leg is angled inward in relation to the thigh's axis, giving the limb overall the appearance of an archer's bow.
Knee: genu varum (from Latin genu = knee) — the tibia is turned inward in relation to the femur, resulting in a bowlegged deformity. Ankle: talipes varus (from Latin talus = ankle and pes = foot). A notable subtype is clubfoot or talipes equinovarus, which is where one or both feet are rotated inwards and downwards. [6] [7]
Occasionally surgery is needed to correct severe and persistent deformities of the lower limbs, especially around the knees namely genu varum and genu valgum. Surgical correction of rachitic deformities can be achieved through osteotomies or guided growth surgery. Guided growth surgery has almost replaced the use of corrective osteotomies.
Surgery may be necessary to treat misalignment of the hip (osteotomy of the pelvis or the collum femoris) and, in some cases, malformation (e.g., genu varum or genu valgum). [19] In some cases, total hip replacement may be necessary. However, surgery is not always necessary or appropriate. [20]
Besides the X-ray appearance. Bone deformities in rickets have a reasonable likelihood to correct over time, while this is not the case with Blount's disease. [ citation needed ] Nevertheless, both disorders may need surgical intervention in the form of bone osteotomy or more commonly guided growth surgery. [ 5 ]
X-ray of Femoral Osteotomy hardware to correct femoral rotation caused by hip dysplasia. X-ray of the right hip in female patient in early thirties. Two main types of osteotomies are used in the correction of hip dysplasias and deformities to improve alignment/interaction of acetabulum – (socket) – and femoral head – (ball), innominate osteotomies and femoral osteotomies.
Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis is widely used to treat angular or coronal plane deformities around the knee in children i.e. deformities occurring in the medial/lateral plane as genu varum/ genu valgum. Additionally, it has been used to treat sagittal plane deformities i.e. deformities arising the anterior/posterior plane.
Image showing how Q-angle is measured. The degree of genu valgum can clinically be estimated by the Q angle, which is the angle formed by a line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine through the center of the patella and a line drawn from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tubercle. In women, the Q angle should be less ...