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Te Aka Māori Dictionary defines it as "customary system of values and practices that have developed over time and are deeply embedded in the social context". [1] More broadly since the decline of tikanga Māori as New Zealand's "first law" in favour of English law , [ 2 ] tikanga has often been defined as a concept incorporating practices and ...
Māori customs, rules and values, known as tikanga, were not recognised in parliament and there was an assumption that European values and traditions were superior. The "judiciary simply denied that tikanga existed, the legislative suppressed aspects of tikanga, and together they altered the social structures of Māori in which tikanga existed ...
The multi-dimensional model of Māori identity and cultural engagement (MMM-ICE) is a self-report (Likert-type) questionnaire designed to assess and evaluate Māori identity in seven distinct dimensions of identity and cultural engagement in Māori populations: group-membership evaluation, socio-political consciousness, cultural efficacy and active identity engagement, spirituality ...
Academic research examining Māori cultural and racial identity has been conducted since the 1990s. [11] The 1994 study by Mason Durie (Te Hoe Nuku Roa Framework: A Maori Identity Measure), Massey University's 2004 study of Maori cultural identity, and 2010's Multi-dimensional model of Maori identity and cultural engagement by Chris Sibley and Carla Houkamau have explored the concept in ...
Tikanga whakaaro: key concepts in Mäori culture. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press. Glover, M. (2002). Kaupapa Māori health research methodology: a literature review and commentary on the use of a kaupapa Māori approach within a doctoral study of Māori smoking cessation. Applied Behavioural Science, University of Auckland.
Kaitiakitanga is a New Zealand Māori term used for the concept of guardianship of the sky, the sea, and the land.A kaitiaki is a guardian, and the process and practices of protecting and looking after the environment are referred to as kaitiakitanga.
Utu is a Māori concept of reciprocation or balance.. To retain mana, both friendly and unfriendly actions require an appropriate response; that is, utu covers both the reciprocation of kind deeds, [1] and the seeking of revenge.
A taonga work will possess mauri and have living kaitiaki in accordance with tikanga Māori." (Vol 1, 1.7.3 p. 96) [23] These working definitions involve concepts which are described by the Tribunal as being: Mauri is having a living essence or spirit. [23]