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Antacids are a common treatment for mild to medium gastritis. [29] When antacids do not provide enough relief, medications such as H 2 blockers and proton-pump inhibitors that help reduce the amount of acid are often prescribed. [29] [30] Cytoprotective agents are designed to help protect the tissues that line the stomach and small intestine. [31]
Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, is used for mucosal protection, [1] healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. [2] It works by enhancing mucosal defense, scavenging free radicals, [3] and temporarily activating genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2.
The medication used to decrease acid is usually either a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or an H2 blocker, with four weeks of treatment initially recommended. [1] Ulcers due to H. pylori are treated with a combination of medications, such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and a PPI. [4]
First report of resistance of H. pylori to the antibiotic metronidazole. [52] Resistance of H. pylori to treatment will lead to the development of many different antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor regimens for eradication. [53] 1992 Fukuda et al. prove ingestion of H. pylori causes gastritis in rhesus monkeys. [4]
Sucralfate, sold under various brand names, is a medication used to treat stomach ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), radiation proctitis, and stomach inflammation and to prevent stress ulcers. [3] [4] [5] Its usefulness in people infected by H. pylori is limited. [3]
Gastrointestinal problems, such as gastritis or inflammation of the stomach, acid reflux, peptic ulcers, and pancreatitis, can trigger hiccups as well, Gupta adds. Certain medications may also ...
[5] [6] More serious side effects may include severe allergic reactions, a type of chronic inflammation known as atrophic gastritis, Clostridioides difficile colitis, low magnesium, and vitamin B12 deficiency. [5] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe. [5] Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases gastric acid secretion. [5]
Most of these medications are benzimidazole derivatives, related to omeprazole, but imidazopyridine derivatives such as tenatoprazole have also been developed. [77] Potassium-competitive inhibitors such as revaprazan reversibly block the potassium-binding site of the proton pump, acting more quickly, but are not available in most countries.