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A function prologue typically does the following actions if the architecture has a base pointer (also known as frame pointer) and a stack pointer: Pushes current base pointer onto the stack, so it can be restored later. Value of base pointer is set to the address of stack pointer (which is pointed to the top of the stack) so that the base ...
Pointer formats are known as near, far, or huge. Near pointers are 16-bit offsets within the reference segment, i.e. DS for data and CS for code. They are the fastest pointers, but are limited to point to 64 KB of memory (to the associated segment of the data type). Near pointers can be held in registers (typically SI and DI).
Each can be accessed as two separate bytes (thus BX's high byte can be accessed as BH and low byte as BL). Two pointer registers have special roles: SP (stack pointer) points to the "top" of the stack, and BP (base pointer) is often used to point at some other place in the stack, typically above the local variables (see frame pointer).
Increment shadow stack pointer 3 Tiger Lake, Zen 3: INCSSPQ r64: F3 REX.W 0F AE /5: RDSSPD r32: F3 0F 1E /1: Read shadow stack pointer into register (low 32 bits) [a] RDSSPQ r64: F3 REX.W 0F 1E /1: Read shadow stack pointer into register (full 64 bits) [a] SAVEPREVSSP: F3 0F 01 EA: Save previous shadow stack pointer RSTORSSP m64: F3 0F 01 /5
SS:SP (SS is Stack Segment, SP is Stack Pointer) points to the address of the top of the stack, i.e. the most recently pushed byte. SS:BP (SS is Stack Segment, BP is Stack Frame Pointer) points to the address of the top of the stack frame, i.e. the base of the data area in the call stack for the currently active subprogram.
The reset vector is a pointer or address, where the CPU should always begin as soon as it is able to execute instructions. The address is in a section of non-volatile memory (such as BIOS or Boot ROM ) initialized to contain instructions to start the operation of the CPU, as the first step in the process of booting the system containing the CPU.
Android x86 (ver. 4.0) on EeePC 701 4G. Android-x86 is an open source project that makes an unofficial porting of the Android mobile operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance to run on devices powered by x86 processors, rather than RISC-based ARM chips.
The programmer can load the base register from a register known to contain the entry point address, typically R15, or can use the BALR (Branch And Link, Register form) instruction (with a R2 Value of 0) to store the next sequential instruction's address into the base register, which was then coded explicitly or implicitly in each instruction ...