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A streaming subset of XPath is used in W3C XML Schema 1.0 for expressing uniqueness and key constraints. In XSD 1.1, the use of XPath is extended to support conditional type assignment based on attribute values, and to allow arbitrary Boolean assertions to be evaluated against the content of elements. XForms uses XPath to bind types to values.
The main difference is that XPath 1.0 was more relaxed about type conversion, for example comparing two strings ("4" > "4.0") was quite possible but would do a numeric comparison; in XPath 2.0 this is defined to compare the two values as strings using a context-defined collating sequence.
XPath defines a syntax named XPath expressions that can query an XML document for one or more internal components (elements, attributes, etc.). XPath is widely used in other core-XML specifications and in programming libraries for accessing XML-encoded data.
XPath 3 is the latest version of the XML Path Language, a query language for selecting nodes in XML documents. It supersedes XPath 1.0 and XPath 2.0 . XPath 3.0 became a W3C Recommendation on 8 April 2014, while XPath 3.1 became a W3C Recommendation on 21 March 2017.
Originally, it was based on the XPath 1.0 data model which in turn is based on the XML Information Set. The XDM consists of flat sequences of zero or more items which can be typed or untyped, and are either atomic values or XML nodes (of seven kinds: document, element, attribute, text, namespace, processing instruction, and comment).
The attribute type constrains the values that the attribute may take. An attribute declaration may also include a default value or a fixed value (which is then the only value the attribute may take.) Simple and complex types. These are described in the following section. Model group and attribute group definitions. These are essentially macros ...
Calculate values of XPath expressions on XML files (such as running sums, etc) Search XML files for matches to given XPath expressions; Apply XSLT stylesheets to XML documents (including EXSLT support, and passing parameters to stylesheets) Query XML documents (ex. query for value of some elements of attributes, sorting, etc)
The language is based on the XQuery and XPath Data Model (XDM) which uses a tree-structured model of the information content of an XML document, containing seven kinds of nodes: document nodes, elements, attributes, text nodes, comments, processing instructions, and namespaces.