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Misoprostol is used for the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers.It acts upon gastric parietal cells, inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid by G-protein coupled receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase, which leads to decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels and decreased proton pump activity at the apical surface of the parietal cell.
Most women will have cramping and bleeding heavier than a menstrual period. [45] Other adverse effects may include nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, warmth or hot flashes. [50] [43] [20] When used inside the vagina, misoprostol tends to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects. [6]
Vaginally administered misoprostol had improved outcomes of inducing labor within twenty four hours compared to oxytocin, but was associated with uterine hyperstimulation. [15] Misoprostol is an agonist of EP1 and EP3 receptors, and can cause a greater stimulation at lower concentrations.
For most women, the most severe cramps after use of misoprostol last for less than 6 hours and can generally be managed with ibuprofen. [36] Up to 8% of women experienced some type of bleeding for 30 days or more. Other less common side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, and fever. [37]
Menopause typically occurs between 44 and 58 years of age. [8] DNA testing is rarely carried out to confirm claims of maternity at advanced ages, but in one large study, among 12,549 African and Middle Eastern immigrant mothers, confirmed by DNA testing, only two mothers were found to be older than fifty; the oldest mother being 52.1 years at conception (and the youngest mother 10.7 years old).
[4] [10] Misoprostol (discussed above) is also used to treat peptic ulcers [11] in patients who have had gastric or intestinal damage from use of NSAIDs. Because its use in treatment of ulcers makes it easier to access, misoprostol alone is sometimes used for self-induced abortion in countries or regions where legal abortion is not available or ...
For the vaginal insert (brand name Cervidil), the manufacturer recommends keeping the medication frozen until use since it does not need to be warmed to room temperature. [31] Once the package is open, a water miscible lubricant may be used to insert the medication, using your finger place the device into the vagina and position the device ...
Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina. Pharmacologically, it has the potential advantage to result in effects primarily in the vagina or nearby structures (such as the vaginal portion of cervix) with limited systemic adverse effects compared to other routes of administration ...