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plasma physics (ratio of a resistive time to an Alfvén wave crossing time in a plasma) Perveance: K = charged particle transport (measure of the strength of space charge in a charged particle beam) Pierce parameter
A United States Navy Aviation boatswain's mate tests the specific gravity of JP-5 fuel. Relative density, also called specific gravity, [1] [2] is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material.
Battery energy capacities Storage device Energy content Energy content Typical mass (g) Typical dimensions (diameter × height in mm) Typical volume (mL) Specific energy (MJ/kg) Energy density (MJ/L) Alkaline AA battery [67] 9360: 2.6 24 14.2 × 50 7.92 0.39 1.18 Alkaline C battery [67] 34 416: 9.5 65 26 × 46 24.42 0.53 1.41 NiMH AA battery ...
The state of charge of a lead-acid battery can be estimated from the density of the sulfuric acid solution used as electrolyte. A hydrometer calibrated to read specific gravity relative to water at 60 °F (16 °C) is a standard tool for servicing automobile batteries. Tables are used to correct the reading to the standard temperature.
A hydrometer can be used to test the specific gravity of each cell as a measure of its state of charge. Because the electrolyte takes part in the charge-discharge reaction, this battery has one major advantage over other chemistries: it is relatively simple to determine the state of charge by merely measuring the specific gravity of the ...
Electric charge: Q: The force per unit electric field strength coulomb (C = A⋅s) T I: extensive, conserved Electric charge density: ρ Q: Electric charge per unit volume C/m 3: L −3 T I: intensive Electrical conductance: G: Measure for how easily current flows through a material siemens (S = Ω −1) L −2 M −1 T 3 I 2: scalar Electrical ...
Specific energy has the same units as specific strength, which is related to the maximum specific energy of rotation an object can have without flying apart due to centrifugal force. The concept of specific energy is related to but distinct from the notion of molar energy in chemistry , that is energy per mole of a substance, which uses units ...
When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.