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  2. Antithesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithesis

    Antithesis (pl.: antitheses; Greek for "setting opposite", from ἀντι- "against" and θέσις "placing") is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect. [1][2] Antithesis can be defined as "a ...

  3. Contrast (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_(linguistics)

    The same type of relationship is shown in (2), where the first sentence can be interpreted as implying that by giving a party for the new students, the hosts will serve drinks. This is, of course, a defeasible inference based on world knowledge, that is then contradicted in the following sentence.

  4. Semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics

    Semantics is the study of meaning in languages. [1] It is a systematic inquiry that examines what linguistic meaning is and how it arises. [2] It investigates how expressions are built up from different layers of constituents, like morphemes, words, clauses, sentences, and texts, and how the meanings of the constituents affect one another. [3]

  5. Context-free grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-free_grammar

    In formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar whose production rules can be applied to a nonterminal symbol regardless of its context. In particular, in a context-free grammar, each production rule is of the form. with a single nonterminal symbol, and a string of terminals and/or nonterminals ( can be empty).

  6. English coordinators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_coordinators

    English coordinators (also known as coordinating conjunctions) are conjunctions that connect words, phrases, or clauses with equal syntactic importance. The primary coordinators in English are and, but, or, and nor. Syntactically, they appear between the elements they connect, and semantically, they express additive, contrastive, or alternative ...

  7. Function word - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_word

    Function word. In linguistics, function words (also called functors) [1] are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker. They signal the structural relationships that words have to one another and are ...

  8. Sentence diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_diagram

    Sentence diagram. A sentence diagram is a pictorial representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. The term "sentence diagram" is used more when teaching written language, where sentences are diagrammed. The model shows the relations between words and the nature of sentence structure and can be used as a tool to help recognize which ...

  9. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

    Appearance. In linguistics and grammar, affirmation (abbreviated AFF) and negation (NEG) are ways in which grammar encodes positive and negative polarity into verb phrases, clauses, or other utterances. An affirmative (positive) form is used to express the validity or truth of a basic assertion, while a negative form expresses its falsity.

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