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The ringer equivalence number (REN) is a telecommunications measure that represents the electrical loading effect of a telephone ringer on a telephone line.In the United States, ringer equivalence was first defined by U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 68, based on the load that a standard Bell System model 500 telephone represented, and was later determined in accordance with ...
Ringing (telephony) Ringing is a telecommunication signal that causes a bell or other device to alert a telephone subscriber to an incoming telephone call. Historically, this entailed sending a high-voltage alternating current over the telephone line to a customer station which contained an electromagnetic bell.
Ringing tone (audible ringing, also ringback tone) is a signaling tone in telecommunication that is heard by the originator of a telephone call while the destination terminal is alerting the receiving party. The tone is typically a repeated cadence similar to a traditional power ringing signal (ringtone), but is usually not played synchronously.
Tip and ring are the two conductors or sides of a telephone line. Their names are derived from the telephone plugs used for connecting telephone calls in manual switchboards. One side of the line is connected to the metal tip of the plug, and the second is connected to a metal ring behind the tip, separated and insulated from the tip by a non ...
A party line (multiparty line, shared service line, party wire) is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers. [1][2][3] Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in 1878. [4] A majority of Bell System subscribers in the mid-20th ...
Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using a water microphone in Highland Park, Illinois. Tivadar Puskás proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876. Thomas Edison invented the carbon microphone which produced a strong telephone ...
An extension bell or extension ringer[1] is a device that generates a sound to indicate an incoming telephone call, but is not included in a telephone set itself. Extension bells may be louder than ordinary telephone ringers. As such they may be used by persons with moderate hearing impairment to help them detect incoming telephone calls ...
Western Electric hand telephone set of c. 1930 with its ringer box or subscriber set in the background.. A ringer box is a telephone signaling device, similar to a bell box.It usually contains an electromechanical gong and was used with most early desk stand telephones, such as candlestick telephones and the Western Electric type Western Electric hand telephone sets, which were too small to ...