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The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children[1] or EMLc[1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system. [2][3] The list is ...
Antibiotics by class Generic name Brand names Common uses [4] Possible side effects [4] Mechanism of action Aminoglycosides; Amikacin: Amikin: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) and ...
In the 1980s the antibiotic class of cephalosporins was introduced, further increasing bacterial resistance. During this decade infection control programs began to be established in hospitals, which systematically recorded and investigated hospital-acquired infections. Evidence-based treatment guidelines and regulation of antibiotic use surfaced.
Its use as a prophylactic treatment is supported by one clinical trial involving children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. [59] Other than this and one other clinical trial into its efficacy as a treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia, [ 60 ] data on its use in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia is significantly lacking.
Children with acute otitis media who are younger than six months of age are generally treated with amoxicillin or other antibiotics. Although most children with acute otitis media who are older than two years old do not benefit from treatment with amoxicillin or other antibiotics, such treatment may be helpful in children younger than two years old with acute otitis media that is bilateral or ...
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It is active against some Gram-positive and many Gram-negative bacteria. [79] It functions by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, [80][81] necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division.
Antimicrobial spectrum. A simplified diagram showing common disease-causing bacteria and the antibiotics which act against them. The antimicrobial spectrum of an antibiotic means the range of microorganisms it can kill or inhibit. Antibiotics can be divided into broad-spectrum antibiotics, extended-spectrum antibiotics and narrow-spectrum ...
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic while clavulanic acid is a non-antibiotic β-lactamase inhibitor which prevents metabolism of amoxicillin by certain bacteria. In addition to its β-lactamase inhibition, clavulanic acid shows central nervous system actions and effects and has been studied in the potential treatment of various psychiatric and ...