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Closed die forging, also known as impression die forging, is one of the forging types for small or medium metal components. Close die forging is a plastic deformation process where, unlike in the open die forging process, the material is forced to flow in a closed shape called die.
This article discusses two types of forging processes: open die forging (the more conventional process) and closed die forging, including non-conventional closed die processes like “rotary forging” that offer greater dimensional accuracy, better surface finish quality, strength, and grain flow.
Closed die forging, known for producing precise and durable components, involves the use of custom-shaped dies and includes techniques like upsetting and flashing to manipulate metal to the desired shape and attributes, with an emphasis on the quality of grain flow and reduction of material waste.
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Closed-die forgings, or impression-die forgings, involves metal being placed between one or more custom-shaped dies. The metal is hammered or pressed, causing it to flow and fill the shaped-die cavities. Closed-die forging is one of the most commonly used methods for forging steel parts.
At the heart of metalworking innovation, closed die forging, also renowned as impression die forging, is a pivotal process that intricately shapes heated metal billets between two meticulously designed dies, mirroring the exact contour of the intended part.
Closed die forging (drop forging) is a metal forming process in which metal is shaped by hammering or squeezing between dies containing an impression of the shape to be produced (Fig. 1). The process is ideally suited to the mass production of components such as those required by the automobile, railway, aircraft and general engineering industries.
Hot forging (closed die) Two halves of a heated die move towards each other, incorporating the metal material to be forged and filling the die cavities. The two die halves are clamped together, and the metal is left to solidify. After extraction from the dies, flash is removed from the forging.
Closed die forging (drop forging) is a metal forming process in which metal is shaped by hammering or squeezing between dies containing an impression of the shape to be produced (Fig. 1). The process is ideally suited to the mass production of components such as those required by the automobile, railway, aircraft and general engineering industries.
Closed-die forging allows for the precision moulding of intricate parts with high strength and durability, significantly reducing the need for further machining, material waste, and production costs, while open-die forging is ideal for a wide range of sizes and customizable shapes.