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mRNA in vitro transcription, innate and adaptive immunity activation. An mRNAvaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. [ 1 ] The vaccine delivers molecules of antigen -encoding mRNA into cells, which use the designed mRNA as a blueprint to build foreign protein that ...
SM-102 is a synthetic amino lipid which is used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. [1] These are used for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines, [2][3][4] and in particular SM-102 forms part of the drug delivery system for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. [5][6][7] Lipid nanoparticles are an extension of earlier RNA ...
A lipid nanoparticle is typically spherical with an average diameter between 10 and 1000 nanometers. Solid lipid nanoparticles possess a solid lipid core matrix that can solubilize lipophilic molecules. The lipid core is stabilized by surfactants (emulsifiers). The emulsifier used depends on administration routes and is more limited for ...
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Comirnaty, [2][33] is an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by the German biotechnology company BioNTech. For its development, BioNTech collaborated with the American company Pfizer to carry out clinical trials, logistics, and manufacturing. [45][46] It is authorized for use ...
The vaccine is produced by creating an engineered baculovirus containing a gene for a modified SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. [51] The spike protein was modified by incorporating two proline amino acids in order to stabilize the pre-fusion form of the protein; this same 2P modification is being used in several other COVID‑19 vaccines. [52]
Matrix-M is a vaccine adjuvant, a substance that is added to various vaccines to stimulate the immune response. [1][2][3] It was patented in 2020 by Novavax [4] and is composed of nanoparticles from saponins extracted from Quillaja saponaria (soapbark) trees, cholesterol, and phospholipids. [5][6][7] It is an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM ...
Conventional vaccines contain either specific antigens from a pathogen, or attenuated viruses which stimulate an immune response in the vaccinated organism. DNA vaccines are members of the genetic vaccines, because they contain a genetic information (DNA or RNA) that codes for the cellular production (protein biosynthesis) of an antigen.
An mRNA vaccine (or RNA vaccine) is a novel type of vaccine which is composed of the nucleic acid RNA, packaged within a vector such as lipid nanoparticles. [70] Among the COVID-19 vaccines are a number of RNA vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and some have been approved or have received emergency use authorization in some countries.