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Androgenic alopecia also occurs in women, and more often presents as diffuse thinning without hairline recession. Like its male counterpart, the condition rarely leads to total hair loss. Treatment options are similar to those for men, although topical or systemic estrogen is used more often. [81] [84]
There are different types of alopecia, including an autoimmune disorder known as alopecia areata, alopecia univeralis (when hair falls out all over the body), and telogen effluvium, which occurs ...
In alopecia areata, a hair follicle is attacked by the immune system. T-cells swarm the roots, killing the follicle. This causes the hair to fall out and parts of the head to become bald. Alopecia areata is thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own anagen hair follicles and suppresses or stops hair growth. [22]
[5] [6] Alopecia areata may be treated by steroid injections in the affected area, but these need to be frequently repeated to be effective. [4] Hair loss is a common problem. [4] Pattern hair loss by age 50 affects about half of men and a quarter of women. [4] About 2% of people develop alopecia areata at some point in time. [4]
Treatment depends on the type of alopecia and the extent of the hair loss. “If it’s alopecia areata, we do tell patients that actually in most (cases) it will grow back,” says Dr Mehta.
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Many treatments have been explored, including immunomodulatory agents such as imiquimod. [4] Tofacitinib citrate may also have benefits. In June 2014, a 25-year-old man with almost no hair on his body was reported to have grown a full head of hair, as well as eyebrows, eyelashes, and facial, armpit, and other hair, following eight months of treatment. [5]
One small study found that, although both oral finasteride and topical minoxidil were effective treatments for male androgenetic alopecia, finasteride worked a little better. Side effects were ...
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