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Rubella virus specific IgM antibodies are present in people recently infected by rubella virus, but these antibodies can persist for over a year, and a positive test result needs to be interpreted with caution. [25] The presence of these antibodies along with, or a short time after, the characteristic rash confirms the diagnosis. [26]
The virus is highly contagious and is spread by coughing and sneezing via close personal contact or direct contact with secretions. [52] Measles is the most contagious virus known. [20] It remains infective for up to two hours in that airspace or nearby surfaces.
Chickenpox, a highly contagious illness caused by a primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) Cowpox, a rodent disease that can infect cattle, and is also transmissible to humans; used for vaccination against smallpox; Dogpox, an infection of canines; Farmyard pox, an infectious skin disease; Fowlpox, an infectious disease of poultry
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1: 2,035 [284] [285] [286] 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic: 2015–2016 Worldwide Zika virus: 53 [287] 2016 Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo yellow fever outbreak: 2016 Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo: Yellow fever: 498 (377 in Angola, 121 in Congo) [288] 2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak: 2016 ...
In that year, the Edmonston-B strain of measles virus was turned into a vaccine by John Enders and colleagues and licensed in the United States. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] In 1968, an improved and even weaker measles vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman and colleagues, and began to be distributed, becoming the only measles vaccine used in the United ...
Chickenpox, also known as varicella (/ ˌ v ɛ r ə ˈ s ɛ l ə / VER-ə-SEL-ə), is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family.
The vaccinia virus is an effective tool for foreign protein expression, as it elicits a strong host immune-response. The vaccinia virus enters cells primarily by cell fusion, although currently the receptor responsible is unknown. [citation needed] Vaccinia contains three classes of genes: early, intermediate and late.
A child with smallpox.In 1980, the World Health Organization announced the global eradication of smallpox. It is the only human disease to be eradicated worldwide. Video recording of a set of presentations given in 2010 about humanity's efforts towards malaria eradication